Seminar, four hours. Enforced requisite: English Composition 3. Not open for credit to students with credit for course 10W. Survey of religious, political, and cultural history of Jerusalem over three millennia as symbolic focus of three faiths: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Transformation of sacred space as reflected by literary and archaeological evidence through examination of testimony of artifacts, architectural monuments, and iconography in relation to written sources. Study of creation of mythic Jerusalem through event and experience. Development of advanced writing skills and critical thinking. Satisfies Writing II requirement. Letter grading.
(Same as History M103B.) Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour (when scheduled). Course M103A is not requisite to M103B. Designed for juniors/seniors. Political and cultural institutions of ancient Egypt and ideas on which they were based. New Kingdom and Late period until 332 BC. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Designed for juniors/seniors. In-depth study of the history of ancient Mesopotamia during the first millennium BCE. Particular focus on the Assyrian Empire, from its roots following the Late Bronze Age collapse to its consolidation and rise as the major political power of the region. Examination of the fall of Assyria, the rise of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, and the Persian and Hellenistic rulers who followed. In addition to offering an overview of the political, social, and cultural history of Mesopotamia, study examines more personal perspectives of individuals through primary source texts (in translation). Offered concurrently with course C206C. P/NP or letter grading.
(Same as Religion M135.) Lecture, three hours. Introductory survey of various ancient Israelite religious beliefs and practices, their origin, and development, with special attention to diversity of religious practice in ancient Israel and Canaan during 1st millennium BCE. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Introduction of archaeological record of southern Levant (ancient Israel) from Bronze Age through Achaemenid Period (circa 2500-332 BC) in combination with current understandings of genre, authorship, and historical value of Hebrew Bible. Ancient Israelite identities are traced through combination of archaeological and textual sources. Social, religious, and political traditions of ancient Israel and Judah are interpreted in context of both earlier Bronze Age traditions and Israel's Iron Age neighbors. Archaeological and textual data for identities, such as Amorites, Canaanites, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians, form basis for evaluating construction and maintenance of various biblical identities. Introduction to theoretical and methodological issues involving historical archaeology of ancient Israel and Levant, and possibilities for investigating negotiation of identity in archaeological record. P/NP or letter grading.
(Same as Anthropology CM110Q.) Lecture, three hours. Basic understanding of newly introduced methods and techniques throughout field of archaeology to implement them and to appreciate and evaluate results of their use by others who have embedded them in their scholarly publications or theoretical models. Systematic instruction in digital data management and mining, scientific analysis of materials (including geological and biochemical techniques), and visual presentation of data and research results (ranging from simple graphs to virtual reality). Concurrently scheduled with course CM269. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, four hours; discussion, one hour. Requisite: English Composition 3. Not open for credit to students with credit for course 15. Examination of how feminine power confronts masculine dominance within complex social systems in ancient world. To gain political power, some female rulers used their sexuality to gain access to important men. Other women gained their position as regents and helpers of masculine kings who were too young to rule. Others denied their femininity in dress and manner, effectively androgynizing themselves or pretending to be men so that their femininity would not be obstacle to political rule. Many women only gained throne at end of dynasties after male line had run out entirely, or in midst of civil war when patrilineal successions were in disarray. No women were able to gain reigns of power through their bloodlines alone. Women's power was compromised from outset. Examination of root causes and results of this political inequality. Satisfies Writing II req
Lecture, six hours. Enforced requisite: course 1B. Not open to students with prior knowledge of Arabic. Introduction to formal Arabic (modern standard Arabic), including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, four hours. Requisite: course 102B. Not open to students who have learned, from whatever source, enough Arabic to qualify for more advanced courses. Intermediate formal Arabic, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, two and one half hours. Enforced requisites: courses 102A, 102B, 102C. Not open to students who have learned, from whatever source, enough Arabic to qualify for more advanced courses. Advanced formal Arabic, including grammar, composition, and readings from classical and modern texts. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours. Orientation to Levantine Arabic, collection of dialects used in daily communication in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Palestine. There are several local, geographical, and social subvarieties of spoken Arabic in the Levant area, but the differences between these are small compared with the large amount of shared vocabulary and structure. Focus on Syrian Colloquial Arabic. In particular, students establish a foundational knowledge in the widely-understood Damascene dialect (Shaami), which is indigenous to and spoken primarily in Damascus, the capital city of Syria. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, four hours. Requisite: course 103A, or consent of instructor. Development of reading, speaking, and writing abilities in modern standard Arabic, as well as cultural knowledge, through film screenings, discussions, written compositions, verbal presentations, and reading authentic literary texts from across Arabic-speaking world. Prepares students for more advanced literary Arabic courses. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, five hours. Recommended requisite: course 101B. Students with knowledge of Armenian should contact instructor to determine appropriate enrollment level. Armenian grammar, conversation, and exercises. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, five hours. Recommended requisite: course 1C. Students with knowledge of Eastern or Western Armenian (from elementary or high school) should contact instructor to determine appropriate enrollment level. Reading of selected texts, composition, and conversation. May be taken independently for credit. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, five hours. Recommended requisite: course 104B. Students with knowledge of Western Armenian should contact instructor to determine appropriate enrollment level. Designed for students with little or no prior knowledge of Eastern Armenian, official idiom of Republic of Armenia. Introduction to basics of grammar and conversation. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, four hours. Recommended requisite: course 105C. Students with knowledge of Eastern or Western Armenian (from elementary or high school) should contact instructor to determine appropriate enrollment level. Designed for students with advanced speaking fluency and reading abilities in Armenian. Discussion of contemporary Armenian social and cultural issues through readings from critical essays, editorials, short stories, and poems written since World War II and film showings. Emphasis on enhancing students' self expression orally and in written form. Each course may be taken independently for credit. Letter grading.
Lecture, four hours. Examination of role of literature in modern Armenian society in service to cause or causes, as propaganda for various ideologies, as art for art's sake, etc. Exploration of contrasting aesthetics implicit in these differing interpretations. Concurrently scheduled with course C253. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, four hours. Departmentally sponsored experimental or temporary courses, such as those taught by visiting faculty members. May be repeated for credit with topic change. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, four hours; laboratory, one hour. Enforced requisite: course 1B or Hebrew placement test. Not open to native speakers. Introduction to modern Hebrew, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, five hours. Enforced requisite: course 102B or Hebrew placement test. Not open to native speakers. Amplification of grammar; reading of texts from modern literature. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours; laboratory, one hour. Requisite: course 1C. Use of contemporary Israeli song and video to explore Israeli collective imagination and various Israeli sociocultural issues to familiarize students with different aspects of Israeli daily life and popular culture, while teaching them multiple speech acts in both formal and informal contexts and enriching their Hebrew vocabulary and its retention. P/NP or letter grading.
Seminar, two hours. Requisite: course 102C. Students must be concurrently enrolled in an affiliated main course. Primary readings and advanced training in Hebrew. Additional work in Hebrew to enrich and augment work assigned in main course, including reading, writing, and other exercises in Hebrew. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, six hours. Enforced requisite: course 1B. Not open to students with prior knowledge of Persian. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, four hours; discussion two hours; laboratory, 30 minutes per day. Preparation: some knowledge of spoken Persian. Enforced requisite: course 20B. Intensive and thorough study of fundamental structure of Persian grammar; reading from a wide range of classical and modern poetry and prose compositions. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. For around 1,200 years, three massive empires centered in Iran ruled over vast territories: Achaemenid Empire (550 to 330 BCE), Parthian Empire (247 BCE to 224 CE), and Sasanian Empire (224 to 651 CE). Often overlooked in studies of the ancient world, these empires were a critical force that shaped political and social life across Eurasia. Consideration of the figure of Cyrus the Great and the policies of his empire. Examination of how local communities in lands stretching from modern Turkey in the west to Afghanistan in the east lived under and alongside the sequence of empires. Consideration of how trade in precious metals and silks shaped Eurasian economies stretching from Rome to China under the Parthians. Examination of how the technologically complex cities of Sasanians grew into massive, multicultural, cosmopolitan hubs. Students learn how to examine and combine archaeological and textual evidence to develop a multi-dimensional picture
Lecture, six hours. Requisite: course 102B. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours. Requisite: course 102C. Students who do exceptionally well in course 20C may be permitted to enroll with consent of instructor. May be taken independently for credit. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours. Variable topics; consult Schedule of Classes for topics to be offered in specific term. May be repeated for credit. P/NP or letter grading.
(Same as Religion M20.) Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Genesis of Islam, its doctrines, and practices, with readings from Qur'an and Hadith; schools of law and theology; piety and Sufism; reform and modernism. P/NP or letter grading.
(Same as Clusters M27CW.) Seminar, three hours. Enforced requisite: course M27B. Introduction to Islam, immensely diverse global tradition which is second largest religion. Study of Islam and Muslims within framework of study of global religious traditions and emphasis on profound diversity of localized belief and practice found across world. Examination of Islam's evolution across 15 centuries, from late antiquity--when it emerged as localized religion in Central Arabia--to modern era where it is practice from U.S. to Indonesia. Concentration on broad analytical categories in study of religion such as text, culture, history, and prophecy. Students transition to more complex analyses through chronological overview of Islamic history. Study also of case studies of Muslim global networks in arenas such as art, music, literature, and political thought. Satisfies Writing II requirement. Letter grading.
(Same as Archaeology M112, Art History M119D, and Middle Eastern Studies M112.) Lecture, three hours. Culture of Egypt transformed gradually after Muslim conquest in mid-7th century CE. According to material evidence such as ceramics, textiles, architectural forms, and building techniques, it is functionally impossible to separate pre-Islamic Christian Egypt from early Islamic Egypt. Although population may have become largely Muslim by 10th century, Egypt remained Coptic in many senses even to 14th century and retains sizeable Christian minority to present. Survey of archaeological remains and standing architecture of Egypt from 6th to 19th century, charting changes and continuities in material culture and shifts in human geography and land use. P/NP or letter grading.
(Formerly numbered 151.) Lecture, three hours. Recommended requisite: introductory course on Islam or instructor consent. Introduction to major fields of inquiry and debate in Islamic studies (e.g., exegesis, Hadith, law, theology, Sufism). Focus on selected topics of debate such as nature of God, jihad, hijab, or pilgrimage. Concurrently scheduled with course C251. Letter grading.
(Same as Archaeology M112, Art History M119D, and Islamic Studies M112.) Lecture, three hours. Culture of Egypt transformed gradually after Muslim conquest in mid-7th century CE. According to material evidence such as ceramics, textiles, architectural forms, and building techniques, it is functionally impossible to separate pre-Islamic Christian Egypt from early Islamic Egypt. Although population may have become largely Muslim by 10th century, Egypt remained Coptic in many senses even to 14th century and retains sizeable Christian minority to present. Survey of archaeological remains and standing architecture of Egypt from 6th to 19th century, charting changes and continuities in material culture and shifts in human geography and land use. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, three hours. Variable topics; consult Schedule of Classes for topics to be offered in specific term. May be repeated for credit. P/NP or letter grading.
(Same as Asian M20, Indo-European Studies M20, Slavic M20, and Southeast Asian M20.) Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Consideration of concrete means of language representation in writing systems. Earliest representations of language known are those of Near East dating to end of 4th millennium BC. While literate civilizations of Egypt, Indus Valley, China, and Mesoamerica left little evidence of corresponding earliest developments, their antiquity and, in case of China and Mesoamerica, their evident isolation mark these centers as loci of independent developments in writing. Basic characteristics of early scripts, assessment of modern alphabetic writing systems, and presentation of conceptual basis of semiotic language representation. Origins and development of early non-Western writing systems. How Greco-Roman alphabet arose in 1st millennium BC and how it compares to other modern writing systems. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, five hours. Requisite: course 101B. Grammar, reading, conversation, and elementary composition drills. P/NP or letter grading.
Lecture, five hours. Requisites: courses 101A, 101B, 101C. Continuing study of grammar, conversation, and composition. Readings in modern literature and social science texts. May be repeated for credit. P/NP or letter grading.
